1061 - Game Dice

Time Limit : 1 Second

Memory Limit : 128 MB

Submission: 2

Solved: 2

Description
In the game of Dungeons & Dragons, players often roll multi-sided dice to generate random numbers which
determine the outcome of actions in the game. These dice come in various flavors and shapes, ranging from a
4-sided tetrahedron to a 20-sided isocahedron. The faces of an n-sided die, called dn for short, are numbered
from 1 to n. Ideally, it is made in such a way that the probabilities that any of its n faces shows up are
equal. The dice used in the game are d4, d6, d8, d10, d12, and d20.
When generating random numbers to fit certain ranges, it is sometimes necessary or desirable to roll several
dice in conjunction and sum the values on their faces. However, we may notice that although different
combinations of dice yield numbers in the same range, the probabilities of rolling each of the numbers within
the range differ entirely. For example, a d6 and a d10 afford a range of 2 to 16 inclusive, as does two d8s,
but the probability of rolling a 9 differs in each circumstance.
Your task in this problem is to determine the probability of rolling a certain number, given the set of
dice used.
Input
The input test file will contain multiple cases, with each case on a single line of input. The line begins with
an integer d (where 1 ≤ d ≤ 13), the number of dice rolled. Following are d descriptors of dice, which can
be any of “d4”, “d6”, “d8”, “d10”, “d12”, or “d20”. The last number on each line is an integer x (where
0 ≤ x ≤ 1000), the number for which you are to determine the probability of rolling with the given set of
dice. End-of-input is marked by a single line containing 0; do not process this line.
Output
For each test case, output on a single line the probability of rolling x with the dice, accurate to five decimal
places. Note that even if there trailing zeros, you must show them (see Test problem for an example of
decimal formatting).
sample input
1 d10 5
2 d6 d6 1
2 d10 d6 9
2 d8 d8 9
0
sample output
0.10000
0.00000
0.10000
0.12500
hint
source
Stanford Local 2007
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